Poland
Capital city — Warsaw
Country population
i08/2019Incarceration rate (per 100,000 inhabit…
i2019/ Central Council of Penitentiary Services - Bureau of Information and StatisticsType of government
Human Development Index
Name of authority in charge of the pris…
Ministry of JusticeThe prison admini…
i(Ministerstwo Sprawiedliwosci)Total number of prisoners
i2019/ Polish prison service via ICPR – World Prison BriefAverage length of imprisonment (in mont…
Prison density
i2019/ Polish prison service via ICPR – World Prison BriefTotal number of prison facilities
i2018An NPM has been established
Female prisoners
i2019/ Polish prison service via ICPR – World Prison BriefIncarcerated minors
i2017/ Central Council of Penitentiary Services - Bureau of Information and StatisticsPercentage of untried prisoners
i2019/ Polish prison service via ICPR – World Prison BriefDeath penalty is abolished
yes, since 1997The last executio…
Daily life
Activities
All prisoners are entitled to spend at least one hour a day in the open air
In closed facilities, inmates are allowed one hour of walking per day.
Common rooms, fitted with a television set and board games, are present in some establishments. The inmates have access to them:
- three times per week in the Lublin prison
- two times per week in the Bydgoszcz and Szczecin prisons
- once a week in the Warsaw-Grochów and Warsaw-Mokotów prisons
The prison service offers activities to prisoners
in some establishments
The activities on offer are limited to:
- daily walks, for one hour, are sometimes the only physical activity
- the gymnasium is occasionally accessible
Recreational sports and group activities are lacking in remand centres. The CPT recommends developing facilities for this purpose1.
European Committee for the Prevention of Torture, “Report to the Polish Government on the visit to Poland from 11 to 22 May 2017”, 2018, p. 34. ↩
There are designated places for physical activities and sports
Most establishments have exercise rooms and playing fields. Sports are generally played twice per week for two hours or more on weekends. Football, basketball and martial arts (especially boxing) are the most-enjoyed activities.
The Czarne prison combines sporting activities practiced outside of the establishment, such as canoeing or Nordic walking, with ecological activities, such as cleaning up forests or riverbanks.
Inmates can also participate in Nordic walking classes, running classes or clubs, and canoeing classes (in the Czarne prison). Canoeing is combined with ecological activities. Exercise classes are of great interest, although the lack of qualified trainers must be considered a negative point.
The participation in sporting activities is subject to medical and administrative authorisation.
There are designated places for cultural activities
in some establishments
Cultural activities are rare, but meetups with authors, book clubs or audiobook listening sessions can sometimes be organised.
Number and percentage of prisoners who participate in socio-cultural activities
-
Number and percentage of prisoners who participate in sport activities
-
Prison facilities have a library
yes
Prisons typically have several thousand books, which are provided by public libraries, but there are an insufficient number of books in foreign languages.
As a disciplinary measure, inmates may be prohibited from taking part in cultural activities.
Work
Work is compulsory
The issuing of a work permit is often a form of reward for inmates with model behaviour. Work may take place inside or outside the prison.
Number and percentage of prisoners who work
15,925 paid positions and 19,922 unpaid positions.
Variation in the number of prisoners who work
an increase
The number of working inmates has significantly increased in the recent years. 35.5% of inmates were employed in 2015. They were 46.2% in March 2017. Between these two dates, 2,613 paid jobs and 1,000 unpaid jobs were created.
In Strzelce Opolskie prison, around 40% of inmates have paid positions and around 20% have unpaid positions. In Warsaw-Bialoleka Remand Prison, there are 480 sentenced prisoners working out of 1,120 inmates.
However, there are far less opportunities to work for remand prisoners. In Bialystok Remand prison, 37 inmates have a paid job out of 509 detainees1.
This overall increase is due to a government programme based on three points: the construction of 40 manufactures near the prisons, the development of unpaid jobs for local authorities and the creation of tax credits for business which employ prisoners2.
European Committee for the Prevention of Torture, “Report to the Polish Government on the visit to Poland carried from 11 to 22 May 2017”, 2018, p.34. ↩
Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights, “Improving Prison Conditions by Strengthening the Monitoring of HIV, HCV, TB and Harm Reduction”, 2015, p.15. ↩
The prison governor organises job assignments. He grants work permits to the prisoners he deems most fit for work. Inmates have the opportunity to complete unpaid work on behalf of the prison (cleaning, helping in the kitchen or with meal distribution), the government, local authorities, local charities or educational organisations. This work must include a civic element and may not exceed 90 hours per month.
These arrangements can sometimes be abused. In January 2015, Newsweek reported that inmates in the Lowicz and Garbalin prisons were employed to construct the A2 autoroute as unpaid workers, on the pretext that this project was for local governments.
Maximum daily/weekly working hours are set, including at least one day of rest
The maximum number of daily work hours is eight.
Prisoners are paid for their work
in some cases
Inmates do not all receive a salary for their work. Unpaid jobs are done for “a good cause”, on behalf of a set list of authorities or for public companies. They must not exceed 90 hours per month.
Salaries are
significantly below the national minimum salary
The minimum gross salary in prison is the same as outside of prison. However, it is taxed between 77.56% and 99.72%. An inmate paid $512 (PLN 2000) each month would only receive $1.44 (PLN 5.62)1.
Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights, « Report on the Human Rights of Persons Deprived of Liberty », 2017, p.17. ↩
Prisoners are paid on a piecework basis
Their income is subject to social contributions
Inmates contribute to social security, unemployment and retirement.
Prisoners have the right to join trade unions
The behaviour of the inmate, including at work, is a potential reason for parole.
Education and vocational training
Authority(ies) in charge of education and vocational training
Ministry of Education
Prisoners enrolled in educational training
Education is provided
in all establishments
Article 102 of the Penal Code guarantees the opportunity to receive education. All levels are offered, from primary school to university. Most of the inmates who profit from these courses are minors.
Article 131 of the Penal Code guarantees the opportunity to receive education outside of the prison. In practice, this opportunity is only offered to a select few inmates.
The prison administration does not always foster access to education. Access to computers, even without Internet, is not allowed in cells. The administration justifies this decision with security concerns1.
Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights, “Report on the Human Rights of Persons Deprived of Liberty”, 2017, pp. 20-21. ↩
Education is available for all prisoners
The prison service implements measures to fight illiteracy
The administration does not have a programme to combat illiteracy. However, all inmates are assisted in order to identify their difficulties and needs. These evaluations could lead to the inmate being required to take certain courses.
Prisoners are allowed to pass diplomas and entry examinations
Inmates can obtain university degrees.
Number and percentage of prisoners enrolled in vocational training
Vocational training is provided
yes
The vocational training which is offered results in trained painters, cooks, electricians, tile-layers, roofers, locksmiths, mechanics, carpenters and landscapers.
Vocational training is available for all prisoners
Distance courses are available
A tutor is assigned to each inmate to prepare for their release, which is a prerequisite. The quality of these reintegration programmes is questioned, as their educational impact seems to be negligible.
Access to information
Prisoners have access to a television
yes, if purchased
Rules regarding access to a television vary from one establishment to the next. Some allow access every day; others, only during set hours.
Prisoners have access to a radio
Inmates are allowed to listen to the radio.
Prisoners have access to the press
The prison service allows access to Internet
in most establishments
Some establishments have computers which allow access to authorised websites.
The press is not censured. Individual issues of newspapers can be bought at the canteen, or inmates can subscribe. Local papers are sometimes distributed for free in some establishments.
Religion
The most-represented religion in prison is Catholicism.
Prisoners are free to practice their religion and follow their beliefs
yes
Dedicated places of worship are available
in all establishments
Each prison defines the days and hours of access to worship spaces.
There are chaplains in the prisons
varies by religion
The religions with the largest numbers of practising members benefit from the presence of chaplains. The visits are must be organised by the chaplains.
The prison service remunerates the chaplains
no
Religious activities are organised without expectation of payment.
External actors
Individuals or organisations from the outside are allowed to participate in prison activities
Opportunities for organisations to act in the prisons are provided for by the law, but they are limited.
Authorisations for external actors to take part in prison activities are provided by
the prison governor
The most common sectors are: support after release, educational and psychosocial activities, and religious assistance.
Volunteer organisations do not receive public financing.
Financial resources
Prisoners are allowed to make use of financial resources
Financial resources are accessible
in an account
The circulation of cash is prohibited in prison. Article 113 of the Penal Enforcement Code states that prisoners must deposit their money in an account in their name. At the request of the accountholder, some funds may be transferred to an outside person. The money that he has available allows him to make purchases.
The remaining balance is returned to the prisoner upon his release. He can also use this money during a furlough or parole.
Destitute prisoners receive financial or in-kind support
According to Article 114 of the Penal Execution Code, prisoners without jobs or financial resources may receive an allowance.
Organisations, mostly religious ones, provide clothing or food to impoverished inmates.
Expression of prisoners
Prisoners are allowed to discuss matters relating to their conditions of imprisonment
yes
In shared cells, one inmate is designated to inform the prison administration staff of the needs of the other inmates and the state of the facilities.
Prisoners have the right of association
no
Inmates are not allowed to create associations.
Prisoners have the right to vote
yes
Prisoners are allowed to exercise their right to vote, if they so choose. Voting booths are installed in the prisons. Only the individuals imprisoned for serious offences can be deprived of this civic right.
Only the administration is allowed to express an opinion on the detention conditions in the media.
In the prisons of Bydgoszcz, Lublin and Warsaw-Mokotów, an internal radio system broadcasts music and a programme produced by inmates.