United Kingdom: England & Wales
Capital city — London
Country population
Incarceration rate (per 100,000 inhabit…
Type of government
Human Development Index
Homicide rate (per 100,000 inhabitants)
Name of authority in charge of the pris…
Total number of prisoners
i01/2019Average length of imprisonment (in mont…
21.4The average lengt…
i2018/ Ministry of Justice, "Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly, England an Wales, July 2017 to June 2018 (provisional)", p. 01.Prison density
Total number of prison facilities
i12/2018An NPM has been established
yesin March 2009
Female prisoners
i01/2019Incarcerated minors
i2018/ Youth Custody Service, "Monthly Youth Custody Report - January 2019 England and Wales"Percentage of untried prisoners
i12/2018/ Ministry of Justice, "Offender Management Statistics Bulletin, England and Wales", p. 2.Death penalty is abolished
yessince 1998
For more information
Key sites¶
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UK Government - Crime, Justice and Law A-Z
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Inside Time – Journal for Prisoners, covering all prisons in the UK and all prison-related issues
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Prisoners’ Families Helpline: national helpline for families of prisoners in England and Wales
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Prison Reform Trust – Advice and information for prisoners, their families and loved ones
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Prison Voicemail: channel of communication between prisoners and their families and relatives
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Prisoner’s Advice Service – Information sheets
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Prisoners’ Advice Service – Information sheets on women prisoners
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UNDP – UK Profile
Department of Justice Statistics:¶
Statistical Reports:¶
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British Religion in Numbers Religion in Prison: 1975-2015 – Ministry of Justice Data (Data provided by the Department of Justice)
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Department of Justice, official annual statistics 2017-2018, “Her Majesty’s Prison and Probation Service Offender Equalities Annual Report 2017/2018”, November 2018
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UK Government, Ethnicity facts and figures: Average length of custodial sentences 2009-2017, October 2018
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Georgina Sturge, “UK Prison Population Statistics”, July 2018
Legal texts:¶
Reports and notes¶
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HM Chief Inspector of Prisons, “Annual Report 2017-18”, July 2018
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HM Inspectorate of Prisons, “Children in Custody 2017–18: An analysis of 12–18-year-olds’ perceptions of their experiences in secure training centres and young offender institutions“, 2019
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Inspectorate of Prisons, “Annual Report 2017-2018”, July 2018
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HM Inspectorate of Prisons, Life in prison: Earning and spending money, January 2016
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Inspectorate of Prisons, *Life in prison: Food, July 2016
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Inspectorate of Prisons, Life in prison: Living conditions, October 2017
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2017 Howard League Report “The Role of the Prison Officer: Research Report”
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Jenny North, “Getting it right? Services for pregnant women, new mothers, and babies in prison”, 2013
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Nicola Padfield & Nancy Loucks, “Le système pénitentiaire anglais et gallois” (The English and Welsh prison system), in J. Céré and C. E. Japiassú (éds.), Les systèmes pénitentiaires dans le monde (Prison systems in the world), 2018, p. 27-44
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Prison Reform Trust, Bromley Briefings Prison Factfile, Autumn 2018
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Prison Reform Trust and Restore Support Network, Social care or systematic neglect? Older people on release from prison“, 2016
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Howard League for Penal Reform, “Future insecure: Secure children’s homes in England and Wales”, 2016, p. 4
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Howard League for Penal Reform, “Preventing prison suicide: Staff perspectives”, 2017
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Howard League, “Consensual sex among men in prison: Briefing paper 1 (note on consensual homosexual relations between men in prison)”, 2013
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Women in Prison, State of the Estate: Women in Prison’s report on the women’s custodial estate, 2015
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Guides and tools Inspectorate of Prisons, Visit management, March 2019
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Prisoner’s Advice Service, “Mother and Baby Units (MBUs): Easy Read Self Help Toolkit (Easy Read Self Help Toolkit), 2017
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Department of Justice, “Review on the Care and Management of Transgender Offenders, December 2015
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National Health Service, Standard Annex to Health and Justice Service Specifications: Adult Prison Estate (Annex to Health and Justice Specifications, Adult Facilities), March 2018
**Press and articles **¶
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BBC News, Royal prerogative of mercy: Over 350 issued in Northern Ireland, 2 May 2014
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The Guardian, G4S stripped of contract to run Birmingham prison, 1 April 2019
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The Guardian, Prisons linked to single health record IT, 13 April 2011
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Law Society Gazette, The royal prerogative of mercy, 6 November 2015