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Romania

Capital city — Bucharest

+
Panorama

Daily life

Activities

All prisoners are entitled to spend at least one hour a day in the open air

yes

The prison service offers activities to prisoners

yes

Untried prisoners have access to fewer activities than sentenced prisoners. Daily walks are sometimes the only time they are outside of their cells.
Maximum security regimes include three hours of daily activities, counting a one-hour walk. The closed regime allows four hours of daily activities outside of cells.
Several prisoners from various facilities have complained about the limited number of proposed activities.

  • From 2012 onwards, the government launched various programmes and activities designed to support the social reintegration of prisoners. According to the prison service, the recidivism rate was 46%. By 2022, this figure fell to 36.9%.

    i
    10/10/2023
    / OHCHR (Nations Unies)

  • Nine prisoners from the Aiud maximum security facility participated in a religious service at the city’s monastery. This initiative is part of a broader rehabilitation project that provides prisoners with access to educational activities.

    i
    09/03/2023
    / Alba24

There are designated places for physical activities and sports

no

Many prisons have no dedicated space for sporting activities, according to the NPM. There is no infrastructure for exercise yards at the Suceava and Braila pre-trial detention centres1.
Exercise equipment is sometimes placed in the exercise yard. A number of facilities have soccer fields.
The APADOR-CH noted that in 2019, the Craiova prison had a sports room with seven pieces of weight training and fitness equipment and a ping-pong table.2

  1. People’s Advocate, “Activity Report 2021”, p. 54 (in Romanian). ↩

  2. APADOR-CH, “Report on the Craiova prison visit”, 1 July 2019. ↩

There are designated places for cultural activities

yes

Each block of the Galati prison has a room specifically for socio-educational activities. Theatre workshops are offered at Craiova prison.1

  1. APADOR-CH, “Report on the Galati prison visit”, 14 June 2019. ↩

Prisoners are not included in the choices of activities offered.

Access to activities depends on the prisoner’s detention regime as well as the number of available places.

Prison facilities have a library

yes

There is a library in each facility. The one in Craiova prison has around 5,000 books.

  • The library at Gherla prison has a collection of 16,796 books. In 2022, prisoners borrowed a total of 3,815 books.

    i
    25/02/2023
    / Gherlainfo

Work

Work is compulsory

no

Number and percentage of prisoners who work

21.5 %

i
2021
/ prison administration

Variation in the number of prisoners who work

increase

The number of prisoners working increased by 3.86% between 2020 (4664)1 and 2021 (4844).

  1. prison administration ↩

All prisoners are allowed to work

yes

Prisoners placed in maximum security units are not allowed to work outside their cells.1

  1. Articles 173 to 186, Prison Regulations (in Romanian). ↩

Labour as a punitive measure is prohibited

yes

The prison service offers prisoners general work in the facilities: maintenance, agricultural activities or meal preparation.
It also offers companies the opportunity to employ prisoners. The work can be carried out on the outside, in prison workshops or in cells. The work primarily includes building construction and infrastructure, agriculture, forestry, metalwork, carpentry, landscaping, building and upkeep of hydraulic networks, manufacturing electronic components and packaging, handling, sewing and shoemaking.

  • Due to a staff shortage, a company employs prisoners from the Timisoara prison. To facilitate this, they have rented a building capable of accommodating 84 people, overseen by prison guards. Only individuals sentenced to a maximum of one year and placed in a semi-open regime can be hired. They receive 40% of the salary paid by the company. The remainder is used for training and rehabilitation programmes.

    i
    28/01/2023
    / Media Flux

  • Prisoners at the Aiud prison had a selection of 19 job types to choose from in 2022, an increase from just ten the previous year. These options include opportunities in sectors such as agriculture and construction.

    i
    22/02/2023
    / Alba24

A commission submits work proposals to the establishment director according to the detention regime and prisoner profiles. Prisoners must complete a medical visit before beginning their work.
Prisoners can ask to perform specific types of work depending on what is available and their qualifications. They can also work as volunteers.

Outside companies sign an agreement for every prisoner, with the facility acting as a contractor.

Maximum daily/weekly working hours are set, including at least one day of rest

yes

Working prisoners have the right to weekly breaks. Work is limited to eight hours a day and 40 hours a week.

Prisoners are paid for their work

in most cases

Some prisoners doing general work are not paid. This is usually the case in pre-trial detention centres. They are instead granted ‘privileges’, like longer visits or permission to leave the prison for a short time.
This is the case, for example, in Jilava prison. The jobs in the food sector in this facility are unpaid. They are remunerated with remission of sentence or ‘credits’. The prisoner earns two credits for each day worked. The credits allow for an extra parcel, an extra family or conjugal visit, a temporary release, the repeal of a sanction.

Salaries are

significantly below the national minimum wage

The net wages paid by the companies are comparable to salaries on the outside. The prison service takes 60% of what prisoners receive from their work. Prisoners are allowed to use 10% of their income during their confinement. The rest is put in an account in their name that they can access when they are released.
As of 1 January 2019, the cost per prisoner is $12.34 lei (roughly 2.5 euros) per hour for outside companies. In 2019, the prison service received 61 million lei, or 10 million euros, thanks to the work prisoners did.

Their income is subject to social contributions

no

Companies hiring prisoners are exempt from making social contributions for these contracts.

Health and safety standards applicable outside are respected in prison

yes

A prisoner that is the victim of a work accident can receive a disability pension.

Education and vocational training

Authority(ies) in charge of education and vocational training

  • Ministry of Education and Research
  • Ministry of Justice

Prisoners enrolled in educational training

9 %

i
2021
/ priso administration

The number of prisoners enrolled in educational training decreased by 2.58% between 2020 (2058)1 and 2021 (2005).

  1. [prison administration] (https://anp.gov.ro/despre-anp/rapoarte-si-studii/) ↩

Education and professional training are managed by staff of the Ministry of Education and that of the prison services.

Education is provided

in all facilities

Prisoners who wish to enrol in a university course or in any other type of training offered outside the prison facility will require the authorisation of the prison director. Prisoners take distance learning courses and are solely responsible for the fees.

  • Gherla prison offers educational programmes at the primary, secondary, and university levels. According to the administration’s report, as of December 31, 2022, a total of 81 incarcerated individuals were actively participating in these educational initiatives.

    i
    25/02/2023
    / Gherlainfo

Education is available for all prisoners

yes

Prisoners can resume or continue their education. Priority is given to the schooling of minors within the facility.

The prison service implements measures to fight illiteracy

yes

Prisoners are allowed to pass diplomas and entry examinations

yes

Obtaining a degree can lead to a reduced sentence.

Number and percentage of prisoners enrolled in vocational training

0.3 %

i
2021
/ prison administration

Vocational training is provided

yes

  • Gherla prison offers professional qualification courses in confectionery and manicure-pedicure. According to the administration’s report, as of December 31, 2022, there were 14 prisoners enrolled in these courses.

    i
    25/02/2023
    / Gherlainfo

Vocational training is available for all prisoners

no

Opportunities for vocational training in prison are increasingly rare.

Distance courses are available

yes

Access to information

Prisoners are allowed to keep themselves informed regularly on public affairs

yes

Prisoners have access to a television

yes

Shared cells usually have at least one television.

Prisoners have access to a radio

yes

Prisoners have access to the press

yes

The prison service provides free newspapers for prisoners. Prisoners can subscribe to other newspapers at their own expense.

The prison service allows access to Internet

yes

Prisoners can use computers and communicate via internet on the recommendation of an educational counsellor and with the consent of the prison director.

The facility prohibits posters, films or newspapers considered to be racist, xenophobic or pornographic.

Religion

Most prisoners are Orthodox Christians. Catholics, Protestants and Muslim prisoners are in the minority.

Prisoners are free to practice their religion and follow their beliefs

yes

Three Jewish prisoners in Rahova prison are forced to practise their faith only in their cells, as no religious representatives and dedicated place of worship are available. They express having conflicts with their Christian co-prisoners. In August 2020, the NPM recommends, that the prison service keep these three prisoners in the same cell.

Dedicated places of worship are available

in most facilities

Most facilities have a chapel, which is typically Orthodox. It is often used for other worship rites.

There are chaplains in the prisons

depending on the type of worship rite

Orthodox priests officiate in most of the facilities. They usually allow other chaplains to use the chapel or their chaplaincy.
The prison service does not guarantee the availability of r from other faiths.

The prison service remunerates the chaplains

depending on the type of worship rite

Some facilities directly employ an Orthodox chaplain.

External actors

Individuals or organisations from the outside are allowed to participate in prison activities

yes

Authorisations for external actors to take part in prison activities are provided by

  • the prison management body
  • the head of the facility

Organisations wishing to intervene in prison must sign a collaborative protocol with the prison service.1
The prison director gives authorisation to religious organisations and journalists to enter the prison premises.

  1. Article 123, Prison Regulations (in Romanian). ↩

Numerous non-government organisations have a protocol of collaboration with the prison service, especially for support programmes, prevention of suicide, assistance for drug-dependent people, etc.1

  1. Prison Service, “Presentation brochure of the penitentiary system”, p. 28 (in Romanian). ↩

NGOs working in the prison are not paid by the prison service.

Financial resources

Prisoners are allowed to make use of financial resources

yes

Financial resources are accessible

in personal account

Prisoners can receive money from their loved ones through personal accounts. Money can be sent via bank orders or direct deposit. Prisoners can send money to their family members if justified in doing so and after approval by the prison director.1
Prisoners in open regimes are allowed to keep cash or bank cards with them.2

  1. Article 149, Prison Regulations (in Romanian). ↩

  2. Article 87, Ibid. ↩

Expression of prisoners

Prisoners have the right to vote

yes